Appendices

POPULATION and EMIGRTATION

               (See Explanation at end of chart)

Year      People on      People away      Total   Total

          Sikaiana       from Sikaiana         Absent/

                                                total %

1847 (Cheyne)

           171               u            171      u

c 1900 (Svensen, estimate BSIP 27/vii/5)

          500                u            500      u

c 1900 (Nerdum 1902, estimate)

         200                u

1906 (Woodford, estimate)

          250                u            250      u

1924 (Census  WPHC 1924:2802)

          268                u            268       u

1930 (Bishop of Melanesia  BSIP 27/vii/5, Lambert 1934)

           u                 u             235     u

1932 (Census BSIP 49/6 item 10)

          285               u             285      u

1934 (Bishop of Melanesia BSIP 27/vii/5)

           u                 u            308      u

1936 (Census BSIP 27/vii/5)

          242               50            292       17%

Year      People on         People away      Total   Total

              Sikaiana       from Sikaiana         Absent/

                                                        total %

1939 (Census BSIP 49/6 item 29)

          240              52             292       18%

1940 (Census BSIP 49/6 item 54)

          272              58            330      18%

1941 (Census BSIP 49/6 item 83)

          257              60              317     19%

1945 (Census BSIP 27/vii/5)

           u                 u             318        u

1948 (Census BSIP 49/6)

              u                 u            294       u 

1953 (Census BSIP 49/6 item 67)

              269               94          363       23%

1955 (Census BSIP 27/vii/5, ADM/A/13 item 28)

              224              156          380       41%

                              originally 144

1956 (Census ADM/A/13 item 27)

              228             174           392       44%

1957 (Census)

              240              138          378       34%

1959 (Census)

              216              174          390       45%

Year      People on         People away      Total   Total

              Sikaiana       from Sikaiana         Absent/

                                                        total %

1963 (BSIP M 11/1/3)

              162

1966 (BSIP M 11/1/3 item 175)

              170

1970 (Census–government)

              188              179          366       49%

1976 (Census- Friesen)

              235             342           577      59%   

1981 (Donner)

              248             357           605       59%

1982 (Donner)

              178             428           606       70%

1986 (government)          

              222               u            u      

“U” means unavailable.

The first column lists the date of the census.  The second column lists the total number of Sikaiana people residing on Sikaiana.  The third column lists the total number of Sikaiana people including both people living on Sikaiana and emigrants.  The fourth column lists the total population at the time of the census. The final column is the percentage of population that has emigrated.  All entries marked “census” are government conducted censuses found in the National Archives.  Fluct­uations in some of the years reflect the problems in taking a census among a highly mobile population.  See also Woodford 1906, 1916, Bayliss-Smith 1975; BSIP 1 III F 49/6, BSIP 27/VII Item 5.  The 1970 figures are found in Groenegwan 1970. The figures for the 1976 census were tabulated from the government census by Ward Friesen of the University of Auckland.  Donner’s figures are based on household censuses and include only Sikaiana speaking people with two Sikaiana parents.  Children resulting from marriages with non-Sikaiana are not enumerated (except for one household living on Sikaiana in which the children are being brought up speaking Sikaiana.) People outside of the census area (Sikaiana, Honiara) were estimated on basis of genealogies and statements from in­formants.  The 1982 census does not accurately reflect population growth since the Honiara census was done during a different month from the Sikaiana census.  At the time of the 1982 Sikaiana census, the atoll had an unusually low population.

                    Proper and Place Names

Auki    the administrative center for Malaita Province.

Bahai Center  a neighborhood in Honiara where several families

   of Sikaiana live near to one another.

Belama  the copra boat which normally makes monthly trips to and   from Sikaiana.

Bellonaa Polynesian outlier in the Solomon Islands

   with similarities to Sikaiana.

Bungana a school run by the Church of Melanesia.

Commonwealth Development Corporation a company which operates plantations east of Honiara.

Guadalcanal the island where Honiara is located.

Hale the largest islet on Sikaiana where all institutions are located.

Hale Aitu the central ritual house where traditional ceremonies were performed. Located inland from Loto Village, it was destroyed in the late 1920’s and never rebuilt.

Henderson Airport the international airport outside of Honiara;

   also the base for American operations during the Battle of

   Guadalcanal in World War II.

Hetuna by legend, the original inhabitants of Sikaiana who were killed by Tehui Atahu and his followers.

Hitiana a spiritual location where Tomaniva took Peia to harm her.

Honiara the capital and main port of the Solomon Ilsands.

Isabel a province in the Solomon Islands; several Sikaiana    families reside there.

Kaetekita a legendary long-distance voyager who lived several hundred years ago.

Kapingamarangi a Polynesian outlier with cultural similarities to Sikaiana.

Kiribati formerly known as the Gilbert Islands.

Kukum a residential area in Honiara.

Kopuria, Ini the Solomon Islander missionary who led the conversion of Sikaiana.

Kurimarau the name of one of the government ships on which many Sikaiana worked as crew members shortly after World War II.

Levao an ancestor of the Saakava clan, by legend an immigrant

   from Samoa.

Leitaka the legendary opponent of Vaeoma and the Tona invasion.

Loto a residential area on Hale, Sikaiana.

Luaniua the larger village on Ontong Java, another Polynesian

   outlier. By legend the home of Tehui Luaniua, one of   Sikaiana’s founder heroes.

Luka The Sikaiana name of a man who met de Quiros on Taumako in 16o6.

Malae the ceremonial grounds located near Hale Aitu in former

   times. Now the site of a new school.

Malaita the island nearest to Sikaiana and the province within

   which Sikaiana is an administrative unit.

Maravovo an Anglican mission junior school which many Sikaiana

   attended, located on the northwest coast of Guadalcanal.

Matanikau River  a river through Honiara where Chinatown is

   located.

Matuavi the islet on Sikaiana which is located at the southwest

   corner of the atoll.

Matuiloto the islet on Sikaiana which is located on the western

   side of atoll between Matuavi and TeHaolei.

Mota the language used by the Melanesian Mission as its lingua franca in the 1920s and 30s.

Muli Akau the collective name for the three islets at the western end of Sikaiana: Matuavi, Matuiloto and TeHaolei.

Nukumanu a Polynesian Outlier which cultural similarities to Sikaiana.

Nui  An island in Tuvalu or the Ellice Islands which is the home   of Taupule.

Ontong Java a Polynesian outlier with many historical and cultural relationships with Sikaiana which continue to the present.

Pawa the Anglican mission’s senior school at Ugi Island near

   Makira, which many Sikaiana attended.

Peia  A Sikaiana woman who according to legend was driven crazy and eventually buried alive at sea.

Pedro the name given to Luka by de Quiros after they met on

   Taumako in 1606.

Pelau the smaller village on Ontong Java.

Pileni a Polynesian outlier with historical and cultural relationships to Sikaiana.

Blea the Sikaiana pronunciation of a captain who took Taupule

   from Nui.

Red Beach the landing site for the First Marine Division when

   they attacked Guadalcanal in 1942. Now inhabited by a settlement of Sikaiana families. Also known as Tenaru.

Rennell a Polynesian outlier in the Solomon Ilands with cultural similarities to Sikaiana.

Saakava one of the commoner clans on Sikaiana.

Saalupe one of the claimants to being a chiefly clan on Sikaiana.

Saapei one of the commoner clans on Sikaiana.

Saatelua the name for two of the commoner clans on Sikaiana.

Saatui one of the chiefly clans on Sikaiana.

Santa Cruz an island group in the Solomon Islands, located in

   Temotu Province.

Semalu one of the legendary long-distance voyagers who lived

   several hundred years ago.

Sokelau a territory on Sikaiana associated with the Saatui clan.

Svensen, Oscar a trader who worked on Sikaiana about 1900.

Taha a location on Sikaiana where Hale meets with the reef. This   is where three American fliers came ashore in August 1942.

   (Actually pronounced Ttaha,)

Takuu a Polynesian outlier with cultural and historical   relationships with Sikaiana.

Talappa a territory on Sikaiana located on the Tua side of Hale    and associated with the Saalupe clan.

Tapuaki a spirit whose locale was the site of the Sikaiana school until it was destroyed by the cyclone in 1986.

Tasiu the Mota name for the Melanesian Brothers. People from the group converted Sikaiana to Christianity.

Taumako a Polynesian outlier with historical relationships with

   Sikaiana.

Taupule a woman from Tuvalu (Ellice Islands) who arrived on

   Sikaiana in the late 19th century.

TeHaolei the islet on Sikaiana located at the northwest corner of the atoll.

Tehui Atahu one of the legendary founders of Sikaiana.

Tehui Luaniua one of the legendary founders of Sikaiana.

Tenaru a river near where the First Division of American Marines   landed on Guadalcanal in 1942; the name of the locality of

   the nearby Sikaiana settlement also known as Red Beach.

TePalena a shallow area along the north part of the reef of

   Sikaiana; by legend a former islet where Vaeoma and his band

   stayed.

Tikopia a Polynesian outlier in the Solomon Islands with cultural    similarities with Sikaiana.

Tomaniva by legend, the man whose ancestral spirit drove Peia insane.

Tona the marauders under Vaeoma who, according to legend,

   invaded Sikaiana several hundred years ago

Tua literally `the back’; the eastern shore of Hale.

Tulagi the capital of the British Solomon Ilsands Protectorate before World War II.

Tuvalu the moder name for the Ellice Islands.

Vaeoma the leader of the band from Tona who attacked Sikaiana

   several generations ago.

Vaka Vusu one of the Sikaiana clans who assert their rights as a   chiefly clan (pronounced vakaavusu).

Vania a small outcropping on the reef of Sikaiana; now, the name for the Sikaiana sports association in Honiara.

Woodford, Charles M. the first resident commissioner of the

   Solomon Islands; he visited Sikaiana in the early 1900’s

Yandina the location of the Lever Brothers Plantation in the

   Russell Islands. Some Sikaiana people live and work there.